The Chinese Internalized Binegativity Scale : Measure development and cultural adaptation (Journal Article)

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Abstract: This article presents the development and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese Internalized Binegativity Scale (CIBS), the first Chinese-language measure available to examine internalized binegativity (IB) for bisexual people living in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. This measure is based on the translation and cultural adaptation (Sidani et al., 2010) of items from the (English language and U.S. developed) Bisexual Identity Inventory (Paul et al., 2014), as well as the development of novel items based on the prior literature and interviews with six bisexual experts and six bisexual laypersons who reside in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Preliminary items were administered to 685 bisexual participants living in these three Chinese cultural regions. Exploratory factor analysis with a random subsample (n = 343) yielded a psychometrically robust measurement model consisting of six factors: illegitimacy, monosexism, aversion, irresponsibility, family shame, and identity affirmation, with internal consistency reliability estimates ranging from .76 to .91. This multidimensional factor structure was substantiated by confirmatory factor analysis with the second subsample (n = 342). Furthermore, the CIBS demonstrated satisfactory convergent validity through statistically significant correlations in theoretically predicted directions with the Chinese Internalized Homophobia Scale and Private Collective Self-Esteem subscale. Bifactor modeling was conducted to examine the utility of the scale scores for subsequent use. Higher levels of IB measured by the CIBS were associated with more depressive symptoms, more anxiety, lower levels of coming out to others, lower self-esteem, and lower global life satisfaction. Research implications and limitations are discussed.