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  <controlfield tag="005">20231108120933.0</controlfield>
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  <datafield tag="022" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">0006-8101</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Edson-Chaves, Bruno </subfield>
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  <datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">The Ligule in Poaceae</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">: a Historical and Evolutionary Review (Journal Article)</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">New York</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">:Springer Science</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">,2022</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">19-58p.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="440" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">The Botanical Review</subfield>
    <subfield code="v">, Volume 89: Number 1, March 2023 </subfield>
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  <datafield tag="505" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a"> ***______{For Hard Copy, Please visit Library.}________***   </subfield>
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  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Abstract: Ligules are classified, predominantly, on their position and morphology, which are still without a consensus as to their nature and diversity in an evolutionary context in Poaceae. Based on a broad review of this structure, we have identified five hypotheses for the definition of ligules, originating between the years 1800 and 1834; some of these hypotheses are still valid today. Our results also demonstrate that 95.28% of the family representatives have homoligulate ventral ligules and 1.75% have heteroligulate ventral ligules, with Panicoideae being the subfamily with the greatest morphological diversity of ligules. Dorsal and culm leaf ligules occur mainly in Puelioideae and Bambusoideae (except in Olyreae), and may occasionally occur in Pooideae, Panicoideae and Chloridoideae. Although homoligulate and ciliate ventral ligules are ancestral states in the Poaceae, several reversals occurred within the subfamilies so that the eciliate membrane type is more common (especially in the BOP clade).</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Ancestral State Reconstruction| Gramineae| Leaf Base| Monocotyledons| Vegetative Morphology</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">M. da Silva, Ot&#xE1;vio Luis | Clark, Lynn G. | Melo-de-Pinna, Gladys Fl&#xE1;via de A. </subfield>
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    <subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-022-09285-3</subfield>
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    <subfield code="b">RIEBPL</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2023-11-08</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2023-11-08 00:00:00</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2023-11-08</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">PER</subfield>
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    <subfield code="c">44810</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">44809</subfield>
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