TY  - BOOK
AU  - Lucy, Charles A. 
TI  - Is Your Henderson–Hasselbalch Calculation of Buffer pH Correct? (Journal Article)
SN  - 0021-9584
PY  - 2023///
CY  - Washington DC 
PB  - :American Chemical Society
KW  - Buffers|  Acid−Base Chemistry| Analytical Chemistry| General Chemistry
N1  -   ***______{For Hard Copy, Please visit Library.}________***
N2  - Abstract: A survey of 21 free online buffer calculators and apps found only 2 that correctly calculated pH under conditions where [H+] and [OH–] cannot be ignored in the ratio term of the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation. Traditional guidelines for when use of formal concentrations is acceptable were found to be flawed. For acidic (pKa ≤ 7) buffers, the use of formal concentrations is valid when FA–/Ka > 20. For alkaline (pKa ≥ 7) buffers, the approximation is valid when FBH+/Kb > 20. Robust equations for predicting pH of acidic and alkaline buffers are presented, which could be used with programmable calculators and should be used for online buffer calculators and apps
UR  - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c01203
ER  -